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WHO study finds that nearly half of Chinese births are C-sections – Yahoo! Canada News
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Tue Jan 12, 7:10 PM
By Margie Mason, The Associated Press
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HANOI, Vietnam – Nearly half of all births in China are delivered by caesarean section, the world’s highest rate, according to a survey by the World Health Organization – a shift toward modernization that isn’t necessarily a good thing.
The boom in unnecessary surgeries is jeopardizing women’s health, the U.N. health agency warned in the report published online Tuesday in the medical journal The Lancet.
Unnecessary C-sections are costlier than natural births and raise the risk of complications for the mother, said the report surveying nine Asian nations. It noted C-sections have reached “epidemic proportions” in many countries worldwide.
The most dramatic findings were in China, where 46 per cent of births reviewed were C-sections – a quarter of them not medically necessary, the report said.
“So many pregnant women ask for a caesarean birth in China, but we always suggest that they have a natural birth,” said Dr. He Yuanhua, at Capital Antai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Beijing, who did not participate in the study.
“It’s bad to have so many caesarean births because natural birth is the ideal way.”
The WHO, which reviewed nearly 110,000 births across Asia in 2007-2008, found 27 per cent were done under the knife, partially motivated by hospitals eager to make more money.
That mirrors similar results reported by WHO in 2005 from Latin America, where 35 per cent of pregnant women surveyed were delivering by C-section.
In June 2008, Canada’s Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists said 26.3 per cent of women giving birth did so by C-section, a dramatic rise from 17 per cent of births in 1993.
In the U.S., where C-sections are at an all-time high of 31 per cent, the surgery is often performed on older expectant mothers, during multiple births or simply because patients request it or doctors fear malpractice lawsuits. A government panel warned against elective C-sections in 2006.
“The relative safety of the operation leads people to think it’s as safe as vaginal birth,” said Dr. A. Metin Gulmezoglu, who co-authored the Asia report. “That’s unlikely to be the case.”
Women undergoing C-sections that are not medically necessary are more likely to die or be admitted into intensive care units, require blood transfusions or encounter complications that lead to hysterectomies, the WHO study found.
U.S. studies have shown babies born by caesarean have a greater chance for respiratory problems. The Asia survey found the procedure benefits babies during breech births.
Reasons for elective C-sections vary globally, but increasing rates in many developing countries coincide with a rise in patients’ wealth and improved medical facilities.
In Asia, some women opt for the surgery to choose their delivery day after consulting fortune tellers for “lucky” birthdays or times. Others fear painful natural births or worry their vaginas may be stretched or damaged by a normal delivery. Some women also prefer the operation because they mistakenly believe it is less risky.
“I think it’s safer for the mother and child to have C-sections, and the relatives feel more secure because it’s very simple and very common now,” said a Vietnamese woman, Trang Thanh Van, 25, just days away from giving birth to her first child. “People worry that using tools to pull the baby out (in a vaginal birth) may affect their brains.”
The Asian survey examined deliveries in 122 randomly selected public and private hospitals in 2007 and 2008 across Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The hospitals were located in capital cities and two other regions or provinces within each country, all logging more than 1,000 births a year.
China’s 46 per cent C-section rate was followed by Vietnam and Thailand with 36 per cent and 34 per cent, respectively. The lowest rates were in Cambodia, with 15 per cent, and India, with 18 per cent.
The study did not discuss specific reasons for the high number of C-sections, but it noted that more than 60 per cent of the hospitals studied were motivated by financial incentives to perform surgeries.
At Vietnam’s National Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Hanoi, about 40 per cent of the 20,000 babies delivered there annually are by C-section, said Dr. Le Anh Tuan, the hospital’s vice director, who did not participate in the study.
As the capital’s largest maternity hospital, it receives the most complicated cases, with many women undergoing emergency surgery. But he said another reason is women with small frames whose babies are simply too large for them to deliver naturally.
“The babies are bigger, even than in Western countries,” he said. “Vietnam was a country where we didn’t have enough food to eat. Now we have a surplus of food. The women think that if they eat a lot, their babies will be healthy.”
In Latin America, C-section rates in all eight countries surveyed earlier by WHO were 30 per cent or higher – similar to the U.S. rate. In Paraguay, 42 per cent of deliveries were by caesarean, and in Ecuador 40 per cent.
Some expectant mothers in Latin America scheduled elective surgeries to avoid giving birth during holidays or even so they could attend parties, said Dr. Archana Shah, from the WHO in Geneva, who worked on that report and cautioned that data in both studies represent a sample that may not reflect overall national rates.
That compares to an earlier WHO survey of African countries, where C-sections were performed in only about nine per cent of deliveries surveyed and where many medical centres were ill-equipped to perform emergency surgeries, leading to increased deaths.
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Associated Press researcher Yu Bing in Beijing contributed to this report.
With files from The Canadian Press
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Womens Motorcycle Jackets Are Here!
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Lately the news is swarming with stories about a crook named Bernie Madoff who supposedly ran the largest Ponzi Scheme in recent history. But who is Bernie Madoff, what exactly did he do, and what in the world is a “Ponzi Scheme”?
Who is Bernie Madoff?
Bernie Madoff is an American businessman from New York City, born in April 1938, and the former chairman of NASAQ, who recently admitted to running a massive investor fraud, also known as a “ponzi scheme”. He founded the Wall Street investment firm, Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960 which was one of the largest in all of Wall Street.
Madoff was arrested soon after he confessed to his sons that he had swindled investors through an enormous Ponzi scheme in which he allegedly stole roughly $50 billion dollars of his investors’ money. Prosecutors estimated losses of up to $65 billion. Madoff is currently looking at spending the rest of his life in prison and may be forced to pay a restitution of $170 billion.
What is a Ponzi Scheme?
Apparently, Bernie Madoff referred to his investment firm as a giant Ponzi Scheme, but what exactly does that mean? Well, according to the US Securities and Exchange Commission, the Ponzi Scheme Definition is a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to investors using their own money or money coming in from future investors rather than from any legitimately earned money.
The Ponzi scheme is named after Charles Ponzi, who used this technique in the 1920s by paying investors a 50% return on short-term investments with money from later investors. Contrary to popular belief, Charles Ponzi was not the inventor of this type of scheme, but his operation became so infamous because of the amount of money involved that it became the first to be referred to as a “Ponzi Scheme” throughout the US. While Ponzi Schemes are in fact illegal they continue to be discovered around the world, running on the “rob-Peter-to-pay-Paul” idea, as money from new investors is used to pay off previous investors in a continuous and destructive cycle until the entire fraud eventually collapses.
What to look for and How to Avoid a Ponzi Scheme Investment Fraud:
When looking to invest or start a new business, always be on the lookout for anything misleading. Do as much research as you can before getting involved and weigh out both the risks and the rewards. The potential business and/or investment should provide you with all pertinent information; if they are legitimate, they will have absolutely nothing to hide!
Seek out an honest and reputable company that will empower you with all the necessary information, mentoring and tools for both peace of mind and financial success!
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